ͼƬ ӢʽӢʽӢķչͲ_|ϷAPP*

|ϷAPP*

ǰλãҳ > ҵ > Ӣ > Ӣѧ > >

ӢʽӢʽӢķչͲ

Դ::δ֪ | :|ϷAPP* | Ӱ

ժҪ
 
ӢѾչһȫΧʹ㷺ԡӢΪӢĻϢͱʽӢеĻӡǡĴӢʽӢʽӢΡԵIJ׷仯ԭͨȽӢʽӢʽӢIJ죬ԿĻضԵIJо,ͨӢ壬ӢξáʷĻԵĻȵȡӢﱾдʻ󡢰Դ󡢱ص㣬ӢԵķչƽŹͬķչ
   
   
ؼʣӢʽӢʽӢ仯ԭ򣻷չ
 

ABSTRACT
Nowadays English has been developing into a global language. As a message carrier, English fully reflects the unique cultures possessed by the British and American countries. The first part of this paper investigates the differences between the British English and its American counterpart from politics, economy, social life, culture, and geography. Then the underlying causes of the differences are exposed in the second part through which the role cultures have played in shaping as well as circulating a language is highlighted. All in all, since English is characterized by its huge vocabulary, great tolerance, and conciseness, it leaves little room for argument that English will be well on its way to be a diversified common language.
 
Key words:  British English; American English; cause of change; tendency
 
 
ĿǰϽӢڶˣΪһԣʹ࣬ҪӢӢγɣչʹ÷ΧҲͬӢڳΪһȫԡӢдӢӢĻҪأʮ޴½õ˽һḻͷչĶԣ˾γ˽ӢʽӢBritish EnglishʽӢAmerican EnglishĽԵķչ仯仯ԭԼԷչƽвͨоǴӢʽӢʽӢIJ죬ԿĻضԵIJоãͨ϶ԷչԭɫķǿʶһЩӢĻʶ˽ЩܰǸ׼ȷӢ,ӢʽӢʽӢоҲǶرӢԵķչ˳ֵʶ
 
һԵı仯
 
“ķչʽĸıϱ仯”[1]16ںܶ෽淢仯ڴʻ㡢﷨Լȷ档ӢԵķչɸΪ棺“1.ӢķչӢеһЩ÷ӢӢõ˺ܴķչ2.ĶչմʻĻϣͬʱʹõ˷չ3.Ե໥Ӱ졣¿ԷΪ׶Σʮ͵սӢӢռλӶսսѽչӢռͳελսڣǵһսʼӰӢͬʱӢеһЩʻԭӢԳһЩDzΪġ ”[2]3
һ
ʽӢӢʽӢһЩͬԶ׼ġôһЦһλӢ˺ڻվڶԸʣڽύѣ˵˼׻ʣ“What’s your job?”Ӣ˻ش˵“I’m a clerk. ”ʮ־ȣ“ Clock? Your job is to tick tick all day long? ”ͬһʣklεrk,Ӣ˶cla:kݡЦͷӳӢIJͬ
ӢӢӢ﷢IJ죬ijЩʵķϣûһĹɿѭĵУ
           BE            AE
ate        et         eit    
been       bi:n       bin  
idyll      ۨ@idil     ۨ@aidl
        z         zed      zi 
ΣڴĴҲͬҲϴIJӢﵥУֻҪϵڣһҪڶڵУͨ
BEʹϰ߰ѵʵڿϣAEʹϲǰϡ-ary,-oryβĵʺ-ateβ˫ڴУBEڵڶϣAEڵһϡ磺
BE                    AE
an@cillary            @ancillary
la@boratory           @laboratory
co@rollary            @corollary
dic@tate              @dictate
mi@grate              @migrate
ͨ£BE Ĵǰ棬AEĴĺ棬رǸϴʡ磺
BE                 AE
farm@house            @farmhouse
ice@cream             @icecream
    ӢʽӢʽӢڷЩͬȻԺ׵Ķ֣Ҳѧϰѡ
ʻ
ӢʽӢʽӢͬһԴԺķչܵӰ첻ͬͲƴдϵIJͬ“ӢʻϵͳӢӢӢĹͬʻġ뿪һģӢﻹӢӢﶼڡ[3](3)
1ͬ壺ͬʼȳӢУҲӢӢУֱʾȫͬĸ磺
            BE         AE
biscuit      մ     
billion                ʮ
overall              װ
 
2ͬʣӢӢӢֱòͬĴʾͬһ˵
BE             AE         
lift          elevator    
tin           can          ͷ
tap           faucet       ˮͷ
sweets        candy        ǹ
 
3ƴд죺ӢʽӢʽӢͬһϵƴдϵвͬ£
BE            AE          
ardour        ardor       
dialogue      dialog       Ի
aeon          eon         
aesthetic     esthetic    
analyse       analyze     
inflexion     inflection                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
sceptic       skeptic     
mommy         mummy       
 
ӢڴʻƴдͬDzԣһڲͬı塣֮ͨԽһ˽Եص㣬ḻӢԵ֪ʶӢӦ

Ӣ˷ƴдʹʻϴڲ⣬﷨Ҳڲ졣ӢʽӢʽӢ﷨ϵIJзӢѧϰ档ҾټӢʽӢʽӢϰ÷ͬӡ

۵Ĵβ仯ͬ⡣ӢォʻӢӢΪԣرЩʵĶﶯʣto cook out →a cook-out ;to know how →the know-how; to run down →the rundown; to be shut in →a shut-in; to stop over →the stopoverȡ
ʱӢӢνﶯʿǵʽ߸ʽӢXõʽ磺BE They are a family who has been very influential in the history of this country. AE/BE: The committee has decided to look into the matter further.ʱӢõʽӢӢ临ʽ磺BEThe worker decided to form a new trades union. AE: The worker decided to form a new trade union.
2 have ,get, make
haveʹ֮ʱhave;Ӣϼget,¼make.Ӣеto have ǸԲȷĶʡӢ˼Ȱְʵ嶯ʣһɽʵ嶯á磺
BE: I will get someone come.
AE: I will have someone come.
3ݴʣ
ӢУݴʵıȽϿԸall the ֮󣬱ʾǿӢӢʹany ݴʱȽϼһʽʾǿ磺
BE: Can’t you do any better than that?
AE: Is that all the better you can do?
4ȥʱʱ
    ʾڲԶĹȥɵ飬ӢӢﳣʱӢʹһȥʱ磺
BEI have studied your report already.
AEI studied your report already.
BENow I know what it is! I’ve forgotten its name.
AENow I know what it is! I forgot its name.
ӢӢӢ﷨IJ첻̫ࡣӢйͬ﷨ϵ﷨ϵһЩϸ΢𽥵ΪԷɣģֻͬijЩ﷨ʽӢʹõƵͬȻҪӢ˽ͱӦϰ÷
 
Ա仯ԭ
 
“ йһӢ֮һͬԵĺ蹵” [4] 4ʵϣκһԵķչ仯һӵḶ́ӳһҵĻǨҲʷͳΡ÷չķӳķչʽĸıϱ仯ӢǵʽʹԣͬʱǴڼٱ仯֮еԡԴкܶ࣬“ȣƼķչҪṩԴڶξỷҲԴıʶ̬ҲԵķչɺܴӰ죬Ӧԡ”[5](2)
һξ
¼˶塢߶ܵԵı仯ʱԻᷢҵı仯αʱ
2001911տֲӶŦԼóõϮһ¼´ʵIJGround ZeroֲָϮóµķ档“9.11”Ҳر壬ָʱĿֲϮOsamaniacһҲý֮УָĽ··ǵŮԡ
Ӣ.ѡӢǾͿһЩ´ʳˣBlairism,Blairist,Blairistas,Blairification,BlairiteȡWatergate(ˮ¼)һ¼ģֶͳwhite watergate(ˮ¼)һʡ

羭õķչҵ漰´Bushnomics, Blairnomics, Bogernomicsȸϴ˼“ij˵ľ”Bushnomics“ͳʲľ”BlairnomicsΪ“Ӣ಼ľ”
Ӣ۹˥仯յֳذӢͳζչΪһǿΡʵ塣ӢΡò첻ɱطӳУرԵĴʻС [7](3) 

ӢԷӳʱֱʵŨҵϢ“ĻϵģԷӳĻĻ壬ΪһֻԾIJϣܹʱΡúĻɫӳʱǵľò”[6](4)
Dzϱ仯Լһ˵ijҲһЩ´ʡ2060ƤʿָЩʵ죬澫ˡ80Ƥʿָдźרҵ͸ԣʽˡǻǮģʱbaby boomer, baby buster, lost generation, generation XԼ generation YЩʶķӳ[8](161)
“Here’s a ha’peeny, don’t spend it all at one shop”ǿظСһƷ˳˵һڶгʿ“a ha’peeny”=half a penny仰ʱ1920°ͣ1970ȫӢıǨҲӳ19ĩ20°һӢ˵ı仯ߣСһƷٵһ£Ҳ֮Ƴʷ̨
ʷ
Ծ,¼ͷӳһҵʷӢĴʷķչҲܲɷֵġ
ӢӹԪ450ĹӢ,ǧٶķչʷˡʷ,Ӣ˵֡͵ķ⽨ᡢʲ׼ҵֳŵʷ׶,γڲͬʷĻ򵥾˵castra(Ӫ/Ӫ)һʱӢռ֤ 1649⽨ܴһΪ“ͽɱ˷͹ҵĹ”˶ͷ̨Regicide (߱)һʾӢʷǰ⽨ն׵ʷ֤ӢĵһβҵʼʮͺҶʼӢоflying shuttle (),spinning jenny (ɴ)
һʷҲ֡Ӣڱֳؿʼʷϵplantation ֳйصһӢֳ1607ڱĵһֳJamestown,ʱΪplantation,ʱӢ˼ֳ.߽ؾһֱΪԺĻһҪɷ֡ 2050,ΪӽеƺƴȨ,Ǵsit-in lie-in swim-inȶʽڲиĶ,Ӯintegration (ȡ)
ģĻ
“ǿ͹ʵд,һͶһʲôĻ,ͻʲôԡ” [9](1) һĻʵǴһĵռ, ɱ˸õȻòص㡣
Ӣڵϰ߷ijЩ죬еijЩӢоͲڡԱ,α仯ǧƵɽƽԭꡢɳĮƽ̹ĸߵءݵ,Լָĵεòﶼҵõ磬caribou(ѱ¹)sagebrush()sequoia(ɼ)the Everglades(ϲ)ȴֻӢеġ
Ӣ滷,˵뺣ˮҵеĹϵԺ뷢չ˺ʹô뺣йص, plain sailing (һ˳),go with the stream (沨),on the rocks (), ȡӢٴ,ŷ޴½ŷ޴½ϮĶ纮̹,촵ů,˲йʫ˹ƶµ“It’s a warm wind, the west wind, full of bird crying.” ˵ӢӢеijЩӢҲҲprince (), duke()marquis()knight(ʿ)ȴʶӢӢеġ
壩Ļ
ѧңӣ(ا)̸ԺĻߵĹϵʱָ:“ĻΪĺ,˼ľ﷽ʽ”ĻԵĹϵΪݺʽĹϵݾʽ,ʽӳݡ“ӢΪӢĻϢĻ͹۵ıʽ,ӢеĻӡǡ͸ӢӢĻ͸,ǿԿ̽ӢеĻݡ” [10]1
ǴлǿҸоӢĻ졣ĹңFrom the many one (Ϊһ)ԣӳһɫڹȥļ֮,ǧ,ԴԴӿ“The United States”еUnited(),ָ,ָǴİ쵶˵ĻĻĽϿ˵ǵһص㡣
ӢƾáʼδжϹŲӲǧ,ϵ,ܸ,ȼɭ,γԹԺ Duke/Duchess (),Marquis/Marchionesses (),Earl/Countess (),Viscount/Viscount ness (Ӿ)Baron/Baroness (о)弶ϮΪ,ʿʿΪĹơ
ԹһʷĻĻãӣ(ا)Ļ“Բ뿪Ļ” νĻ,Ŵľʽϰߺܺ͡ӢԼ¼ͷӳӢضĻò,ijϽ,ӢĻʷд档
 
ӢǰԤ
 
緶Χ¼𣬾ýȫһ廯֮ΡáĻУǶԸϢҪ漱ȣϢǰδеٶȽųʱյĴӢΪһͨϢϢĹߣԽԽʾڹʽеҪλǰϹкӢͰֹԡʵҪԵĹ,ӢͬӢﻷȫʹû
ĽҲƶӢķչͱ仯ʷƶԷչܶ,ӢﱾһЩصҲȫԵķչҪӦġӢȫʻһɱʻ㣨native wordsʻ(borrowed words)ɵġȣǾ޴ĴʻӢʻѾͻư򡣴ֳʱʼʻͲӿӢ,ȫƼķչͽֽһӢĴʻִӢаٷ֮ʮĴʻ㶼,һ̶ϷӳӢ޴İԼͬĻĽڡһǼࡣӢı﷽ʽҲӦṵͨҪ
ΡáĻ,ӢӢӢڲ㷺Ӱ,ӢӢѾʼһͳ“”Ϊʵе“”ӢʽӢʽӢ￿£Ϊص,ӢӢںϡ
ǾԷչԭ,ڴ˻϶Ӣ״˷,ӹ,ӢѾһȫΧʹ㷺,Ӧ˵,ĿǰкüͬʱҲ,ôӢܷܳΪ“ͨ”?
ܵӢֱѾԳһ,ܴͳٵ,رǵϾս,һܵǿԤġ,Ӱ,ͨѧҵĻӰӵĶ⴫鼰,ʽʽǩ,ȫرǵɾ޴Ӱ졣ͬʱӢҲѲǴͳϵ“”,ڳΪͬҡ֮ͬĹߡһֹͨԵѡ,ѧѧϵı׼,Ρá˿ġĵλ޴Ӱ죬ΪͨĹ,δӢӦ“ͬ”ķչ,е“ͬ”϶ǾʽӢɫġ“δ繲ͬò˹Ϊ統ȻȲǵҲǶӢ˸Ժ͸Ծԡ [11]1ӢĻĽӢʽӢʽӢIJԽԽСӶ˼룬ĻͿѧķչ
 
οף
[1] .ҪؿӢӢ.[H].ѧѧ棩1997.7, 7:(3)P16.
[2] ˳.ƶ²ʿӢƹ.[H].ϴѧѧ.1988,8(5):P3.
[3] .ҪؿӢӢ.[H].ѧѧ棩1997.7, 7:(3)P3.
[4]־.ڶ.[M].Ϻ:Ϻͼ湫˾2001.7.2001,10 .P4.
[5] ׳.ս.ѧ̳̣İ棩. [M].2004.7.:ѧ磬2004.7 P161.
[6] .620͵Ӣ￴ӢĻıǨ.[H].ĴѧԺѧ2001, 17(4):P2.
[7] .ҪؿӢӢ.[H].ѧѧ棩1997.7, 7:(3)P3.
[8] ׳.ս.ѧ̳̣İ棩. [M].2004.7.:ѧ磬2004.7 P161.
[9]  ƽ..ӢӢĻ.ɳѧѧ.2001.9,15(3):P1.
[10] ƽ..ӢӢĻ.ɳѧѧ.2001.9,15(3):P1.
[11] .Ӣ﷢չijЩ.[H].žѧԺѧ.1999,22(6):P1.


|ϷAPP*